In a new study, deen and colleagues use functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri to show a regular anteriorposterior organization in the sts for different. Metaanalytic connectivity modeling of the human superior. Effective connectivity from early visual cortex to. A vast majority of the early neuropsychological work done involving the sts was conducted with nonhuman primates and singlecell recordings. We used the metaanalytic connectivity modeling technique to determine. In monkeys, sts is connected with the cerebellum, which is also involved in motor, emotional, and cognitive functions.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience investigates brainbehavior interaction and promotes lively interchange among the mind sciences. Father s brain is sensitive to childcare experiences. Here, we used targeted fmri measurements of the sts to investigate whether its representations of facial expressions are categorical or noncategorical. Cindy c hagan department of psychology, university of york, heslington yo10 5dd, united kingdom. To the betterment of intergroup relations, however, several techniques have been shown to. Women, compared to men, have shown to respond differently to food cues in the environment on a behavioral and a neural level, in particular to energy rich compared to low energy foods.
Mar 22, 2016 the superior temporal sulcus sts is a critical region for multiple neural processes in the human brain hein and knight j cogn neurosci 2012. Neuroanatomical correlates of biological motion detection. Graded representations of emotional expressions in the. Differential contributions of bilateral ventral anterior temporal lobe and left anterior superior temporal gyrus to semantic processes. Loitglateral occipital areainferior temporal gyrus. The superior temporal sulcus sts is implicated in a variety of social processes, ranging from language perception to simulating the mental processes of others theory of mind. Consequently, humans empathic tendencies to care about and help other people are considered independent of our ability to remember and imagine events. Allison t, puce a, mccarthy g 2000 social perception from visual cues.
The depth asymmetry of superior temporal sulcus pnas. Observation of sonified movements engages a basal ganglia. For others, it is the main region for audiovisual integration. The role of insulaassociated brain network in touch. The functional and structural asymmetries of the superior. Brain, oxytocin, and parenting behavior were measured in primarycaregiving mothers, secondarycaregiving fathers, and primarycaregiving homosexual fathers raising infants without maternal involvement. The authors used functional mri to investigate neuronal activation patterns in two experiments. The superior temporal gyrus also includes the wernickes area, which in most people is located in the left hemisphere. However, most neuroimaging studies on av integration used stimuli of short duration in explicit evaluative tasks. The sonification of otherwise mute movements by sounds based on kinematic parameters of the movement has been shown to improve motor performance and perception of movements. Multisensory integration may explain some of this ability.
Jan 27, 2015 in the human brain, from early in development through to adulthood, the superior temporal sulcus is deeper in the right than the left cerebral hemisphere in the area ventral of heschls gyrus. Meg demonstrates a supraadditive response to facial and. Activations in the contralateral posterior insula were consistently revealed for all stimulation areas. Biological motion stimuli contain a great deal of information about the person and action depicted. Hein g, knight rt 2008 superior temporal sulcusits my area. Several research areas claim the sts as the host brain region for their particular behavior of interest. Phonological working memory for words and nonwords in. The functional and structural asymmetries of the superior temporal. Here, we extend the known range by showing that viewers can see which member of a pair of conversing actors is talking. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri study, we used spatially targeted measurements to study representations of facial expressions in the superior temporal sulcus sts, an area that it is poorly understood hein and knight, 2008. The superior temporal sulcus sts constitutes a polymodal associative area providing higherorder visual representation of others action and emotion, necessary for imitation, empathizing, and mentalizing. The superior temporal sulcus performs a common function for social. Mar 30, 2016 an influential proposal for the neural architecture for face processing separates faceselective areas into a core system that carries out visual analysis and consists of the occipital face area ofa, fusiform face area ffa, and posterior superior temporal sulcus psts and an extended system carrying out further, higherlevel processing.
The proisocortical area in the rostralmost sts connects with proisocortical regions on the ventral and medial surfaces of the frontal lobe. In the unimanual experiment, patients moved their unaffected hand, either while observing it directly nomirror condition or while observing. Interestingly, the superior temporal sulcus was especially active when an action was imitated. Atypical mirna expression in temporal cortex associated. It plays an important role in biological motion perception, but is also claimed to be.
Oct 25, 2017 the pcc has been proved selective to the representation of people knowledge 34,35,36. The superior temporal sulcus is the first sulcus inferior to the lateral fissure studies reveal multisensory processing capabilities. The superior temporal sulcus sts is considered a hub for social perception and cognition, including the perception of faces and human motion, as we we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Parenting integrated functioning of two neural networks. The superior temporal sulcus sts is an anatomical structure that increasingly interests researchers.
The vpt group further showed elevated rsfc between the left superficial amygdala and the superior temporal sulcus p 0. Network interactions explain sensitivity to dynamic faces in. Functional organization of social perception and cognition. The superior temporal area has been identified as being important for a number of complex. Change in particular personality traits was associated with overlapping profiles of grey matter loss in more anterior cortical areas and relative preservation of grey matter in more posterior areas. Jan 09, 20 studies on memory, imagination, and empathy have largely progressed in isolation. Emerging at the same time, there were an increasing number of reports identifying stss important function in other cognitive processes as well. Data analysis was performed with spm8 and conn toolbox. The neural representation of human versus nonhuman bipeds and. Nov 11, 2009 meg demonstrates a supraadditive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus. In the macaque, several face and body partselective areas were found located along the superior temporal sulcus sts and middle temporal gyrus mtg. Moreover, the ability varies with the emotional content of the conversation. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition.
Peak responses to biological motion were more inferior, where the sts begins its ascent. Converging evidence suggests that the superior temporal sulcus sts is a critical. The anteroventrally located area pga differs from areas fst and tpo by its slightly. Dynamic changes in superior temporal sulcus connectivity.
To better understand the multiple functions of the sts it would be useful to know more about its consistent functional coactivations with other brain regions. Mark desposito, md, editorinchief journal of cognitive neuroscience investigates brainbehavior interaction and promotes lively interchange among the mind sciences. Aim to investigate the neuronal basis for the effects of mirror therapy in patients with stroke. Behavioral studies have shown that perceptual judgments are weighted by the reliability of the sensory modality. Human helping behavior is pervasive, but this empathic response to alleviate another persons suffering is diminished or absent when the sufferer is a member of a different social, racial, or cultural group cuddy et al. In the human brain, from early in development through to adulthood, the superior temporal sulcus is deeper in the right than the left cerebral hemisphere in the area ventral of heschls gyrus. Humans are remarkably adept at understanding speech, even when it is contaminated by noise. Frontal lobe connections of the superior temporal sulcus in. Hein g, knight rt 2008 superior temporal sulcus its my area. Performance on the ert showed that the vpt group was. Research has documented activation in the sts as a result of five specific social inputs, and thus the sts. It is functionally related mainly with speech and social perception. Conduct disorder cd emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a pervasive pattern of aggressive and antisocial behavior. As is the case for many cortical sulci, the sts appears 1 or 2 wk earlier in the rig ht hemisphe re than in the left duri ng ges.
We assessed whether a brain region associated with core social impairments in asd, the superior. The coding of color, motion, and their conjunction in the human visual cortex. Jul 08, 2014 in humans, this emotional processing network is complemented by a cortical mentalizing network of frontopolarmedialprefrontaltemporoparietal structures involved in social understanding, theory of mind, and cognitive empathy, including the medial prefrontal cortex mpfc, frontopolar cortex, superior temporal sulcus sts, and temporal poles. Mar 15, 2010 the superior temporal sulcus sts is known to be involved in face and emotion perception, but the nature of its processing remains unknown. The superior temporal sulcus sts is implicated in a variety of social.
Several research areas claim the sts as the host brain region for. The superior temporal sulcus sts is a critical region for multiple neural processes in the human brain hein and knight j cogn neurosci 2012. Temporal cortex activation in humans viewing eye and mouth movements. The superior temporal area has been identified as being important for a number of complex cognitive processes. Individual differences in the theory of mind and superior. Neural abnormalities in earlyonset and adolescenceonset. The superior temporal sulcus sts is known to be involved in face and emotion perception, but the nature of its processing remains unknown. The pcc has been proved selective to the representation of people knowledge 34,35,36.
Jul 21, 2015 the superior temporal sulcus sts is implicated in a variety of social processes, ranging from language perception to simulating the mental processes of others theory of mind. The superior temporal sulcus sts and gyrus stg are commonly identified to be functionally relevant for multisensory integration of audiovisual av stimuli. Contributions address both descriptions of function and underlying brain events and reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the field, covering developments in neuroscience, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology. It has been demonstrated that the right posterior superior temporal sulcus sts is the only region exhibiting. Fathers brain is sensitive to childcare experiences pnas. The insula is believed to be associated with touchevoked effects. Activation in left superior temporal gyrus during nonword discrimination correlated with participants performance on standard clinical nonword repetition tests. Producing sounds by a musical instrument can lead to audiomotor coupling, i.
Methods 22 patients with stroke participated in this study. Mar 14, 20 producing sounds by a musical instrument can lead to audiomotor coupling, i. Irrespective of gender, handedness, and language lateralization, and present in several pathologies, this asymmetry is widely shared among the human population. Functional connectivity of the superior human temporal sulcus. Directionsensitive codes for observed head turns in human. Contributions address both descriptions of function and underlying brain events and reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the field, covering developments in neuroscience, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, neurobiology. A significant relation was observed between performance of theoryofmind task and activation in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus. Meg demonstrates a supraadditive response to facial and vocal emotion in the right superior temporal sulcus.
Altered restingstate functional connectivity in emotion. Brain systems for assessing the affective value of faces. Frontal lobe connections of the superior temporal sulcus. Some see it as one of the core structures for theory of mind. Neural representations of faces and body parts in macaque. We used the metaanalytic connectivity modeling technique to. Abnormalities in individual regulatory small noncoding rna sncrna, including microrna mirna, could have profound effects upon multiple functional pathways. Performance on the ert showed that the vpt group was less able than controls to recognize anger at low levels of intensity.
Superior temporal sulcusits my area knight lab university of. Lateral areas include faceselective regions in the posterior superior temporal sulcus psts 11,12 and anterior superior temporal sulcus asts, the extrastriate body area eba 14 and the. Lateral areas include faceselective regions in the posterior superior temporal sulcus psts 11,12 and anterior superior temporal sulcus asts. In addition to these brain areas, it was shown by subsequent research that the temporoparietal junction tpj and the anterior cingulate cortex acc are also concerned with tom 2. Its anterior and posterior ends are highly associative areas dealing with higher. Superior temporal sulcus an overview sciencedirect topics. Face processing is mediated by interactions between functional areas in the occipital and temporal lobe, and the fusiform face area ffa and anterior temporal lobe play key roles in the recognition of facial identity. The social mysteries of the superior temporal sulcus ncbi nih. It has been found active during the processing of biological motion 55,56 and, emanating from this more basic capability, social perception 5759. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language.
Human functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals separation and integration of shape and motion cues in biological motion processing. The implications for social cognitive neuroscience are discussed. Jul 18, 2016 the superior temporal sulcus, as well as the left supramarginal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, and left dorsal premotor area, were activated in all four conditions. Kirkpatrick b, carter cs, newman sw, insel tr 1994 axonsparing lesions of the. The frontal lobe connections of different architectonic areas of the superior temporal sulcus sts in the rhesus monkey were investigated with the aid of both anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. In the human, similar to previous studies, faceselective areas were found in ventral occipital and temporal cortex and an additional faceselective area was found in the anterior temporal. The easy availability of food has caused a shift from eating for survival to hedonic eating. Neurophysiological responses in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area increased with greater phonological working memory load. Graded representations of emotional expressions in the left. The superior temporal sulcus sts is the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe of the brain. The neural representation of human versus nonhuman bipeds. The superior temporal sulcus sts is the chameleon of the human brain.
The social mysteries of the superior temporal sulcus. In this work, functional mri was applied to investigate the network model of insula function when 20 normal subjects received tactile stimulation over segregated areas. An area of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus was characterized by a. Effective connectivity from early visual cortex to posterior. In a new study, deen and colleagues use functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri to show a regular anteriorposterior organization in the sts for different social tasks. Autism spectrum disorders asds likely involve dysregulation of multiple genes related to brain function and development. Vpt individuals compared to controls showed reduced rsfc between the superficial subregion of the left amygdala, and the right posterior cingulate cortex p 0. The superior temporal sulcus sts in the human and monkey is sensitive to the motion of complex forms such as facial and bodily actions. Network interactions explain sensitivity to dynamic faces. This structure appears to receive multisensory input and is involved in several perceptual and cognitive core functions, such as speech perception, audiovisual integration, biological motion processing and theory of mind capacities. Converging evidence suggests that the superior temporal sulcus sts is a critical brain area for multisensory integration, but little is known about its role in the perception of noisy speech. Perrett, d i, kanwisher, n, 2004 a region of right posterior superior.
Hemispheric specialization within the superior anterior. While the sts is known to respond to facial expressions hasselmo et al. Frith and frith proposed that the medial prefrontal cortex mpfc, temporal pole, and posterior superior temporal sulcus sts support tomrelated mental tasks. The last face processing area we will single out is the superior temporal sulcus sts. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri to explore networklevel explanations for how the form and motion information in dynamic facial expressions might be combined in the human sts.
Uni and multisensory brain areas are synchronised across. We used fun we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Fisher and freiwald show that this important cue activates a network of diverse areas in the macaque brainincluding a novel faceprocessing areaand reveals a division of the faceprocessing system. Vbm analyzes in the volume of these regions were performed for biological motion biodet, see section 2 and fig. Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia dp, a lifelong face recognition impairment, have been shown to have structural and functional neuronal alterations in. We could not find such an activation in the superior temporal sulcus and the temporoparietal junction area. Patients show a recognition of the familiarity of a word, but are not able to recall its meaning. Functional connectivity of the superior human temporal. Importantly, we also found that congruent sonification compared to incongruent concurrent sounds led to increased activation in parts of the mirror neuron system including the frontal operculum, inferior parietal lobule and the superior temporal areas. Distinct cortical networks for the detection and identification of human body.
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